http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalistan&oldid=234114160

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrita_Shergill

Geography

According to the Khalistan web-site:

The geographical boundaries of Khalistan will include current East Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pardesh, part of Rajasthan and small part of Uttar Pardesh. River Ravi on the west and river Jamuna on the east will be some of the boundary lines between Khalistan & Pakistan, Khalistan & India respectively. In the north, part of Himalayan range and in south, part of Thar Desert will make the geographical boundaries of Khalistan. ^[18]

This would still end up making the proposed region a Hindu majority by default.^[19] Paramjit Singh Ajrawat states that Khalistan will be a theocratic state with a non-secular based fundamentalist constitution.

A lesser known fact however remains known only to a selected few and is connected to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre of Baisakhi ,the 13th of April 1919.The demand for a separate Khalistan was a direct offshoot of this atrocity on unarmed women and children by General Dyer of the British Command who used symbolism even then,Baisakhi word being used as "Bai" meaning-servant as "Sakhi" or mate and Dyer meaning the cruel old man who dyes his hair to be young and have sex with young women.Another authenticating fact is that in Hinduism there are 16 samskaras ,of which the 13th samskara is of Hindu Marriage.If any terrorist activities connected to women takes place on the 13th as was the Indian Parliament Attack Case of 13th December 2001 ,then people who have understood the British Raj ,would understand that the terror is connected with marriage of Hindus.Another fact is the death of Dayanand on Diwali the 31st October 1883 ,Indira Gandhi assassination on 31st October 1984 and other deaths and births on this day ,seeing that IVF has become a virtual reality now-a-days as well as medical sponsored deaths.

Also see Supreme Court." Civil Appeal No. 6814 of 1983 "- "The respondent, Tulsiram Patel, was a permanent auditor in the Regional Audit Officer, M.E.S., Jabalpur. It appears that orders were issued by Headquarters, C.D.A. C.C., Meerut, stopping the increment of the Respondent for one year. One Raj Kumar Jairath was at the relevant time the Regional Audit Officer, M.E.S., Jabalpur. On July 27,1976, the Respondent went to Raj Kumar's office and demanded an explanation from him as to why he had stopped his increment whereupon Raj Kumar replied that he was nobody to stop his increment. The Respondent then struck Raj Kumar on the head with an iron rod. Raj Kumar fell down, his head bleeding. The Respondent was tried and convicted under section 332 of the Indian Penal Code by the First Class Judicial Magistrate, Jabalpur. The Magistrate instead of sentencing the Respondent to imprisonment applied to him the provisions of section 4 of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, and released him on his executing a bond of good behaviour for a period of one year. The Respondents appeal against his conviction was dismissed by the Sessions Judge, Jabalpur."

"Whereas a large group of members of Central Industrial Security Force (hereinafter referred to as the Force) of CISF Unit, Bokaro Steel Ltd., Bokaro have indulged and still continue to indulge in acts of insubordination and indiscipline, dereliction of duty, absenting from PT and parade, taking out processions 288 and raising slogans such as 'INQULAB ZINDABAD'. 'VARDI VARDI VARDI BHAI BHAI LARKE LENGE PAI PAI' 'JO HAMSE TAKRAYEGE CHOOR CHOOR HO JAYEGA'and 'PUNJAB KI JEET HAMARI HAI AAB CISF KI BARI HAI', participating in the gherao of Supervisory Officers, participating hunger strike and 'dharna' near the Quarter Guard and Administrative Building of CISF Unit, Bokaro Steel Ltd., since 27th May 1979

SultanaSultana Taraana RanjeetaMithunChakraborthy

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in violation of the provisions of CISF Act, 1968 and instructions of the Superior Officers and in complete disregard of their duties as members of the Force;

Tarana(1979)Dekha ek Khwab toh yeh Taraane hue

Added

British Rajya in alliance with cruel Islamic forces ,who wreck revenge till date of the demeaning of Hagar the Horrible by Abraham; as well as the Arya Samaj establishment of 1875 ,the well massacre was a cruel annihilation of Hindu women at the altar of idol worship and sex urge of old men.

Khalistan came into force in 1920 ,

Added

to atleast have one part of India under direct rule of Hindu forces as Sikhism was also an offshoot of Hinduism and the Britishers were cruel to all Hindus.Lord Dalhousie serves as an appropriate example of Sikh antagonism.But the British divide and rule policy slowly way laid the entire process to be an antagonistic power against India only as was done with Pakistan and the two nation theory.

Introduction

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Gram Devata

In ancient rural India every village had its Gram devata,or the village deity. It is believed that The Gramadevata is the care taker of the complete village or town. This devata protects the community from evil forces. The deity provides protection or warns about impending danger to the community from any natural or supernatural evil forces. So the Pune was also a small village and for the centuries,it was ruled by several dynasties. The earliest evidence found reveals that the Rashtrakootas ruled this region ,(758 A. D.). At that time, Pune was referred to as Punaka Vishaya and Punya Vishaya, and later referred as Punaka Wadi and Punaka Desha.

After the Rashtrakootas, Pune was ruled by the Yadavas dynasty and after the fall of Yadavas, it came under Muslim dominance till the era of Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

The historical references dates back to 16th century which reveals that , Tambdi Jogeshwari was the Gram Devata of Pune alias Punwaadi or Kasabe-Pune , called at that time. This idol of deity is supposed to be 'Swayambhu' or self-born , that means formed without the medium of human agency. It has been carved in stone and of height approximately 2.5 feet. It is a standig statue with four arms.The upper right arm has 'Damaroo' and left arm has 'Trishul'. The lower right arm holds head of asura and left arm has bowl or kamandaloo. There is no Vahan or Carriage shown for the deity. The statue is fixed to an another stone at the back.

Being the Gram Devata of Pune , whenever there is an auspicious event like Wedding or Thread Ceremony or even a birth of a child , the devotees first visit the Jogeshwari Devi to seek her blessings. It is a custom to offer a first invitation to Devi , whenever there is a wedding or thread ceremony .

Devotees of the Tambdi Jogeshwari have tremendous faith that,the Devi grants their wishes just by deciphering her followers mind.

Daily Pooja Navratri Legends History

The Newtonian Synthesis: Natural Philosophy
and Natural Theology in Enlightenment England

The enormous influence of Isaac Newton on the intellectual life of Enlightenment Europe needs no elaboration. To both his English contemporaries and to the succeeding generation of natural philosophers who carried on his work, 'the incomparable Mr. Newton'¹ was a towering figure – a testament to the greatness of the human mind. By the sheer power of thought, Newton had uncovered not only the nature of light, but also the riddle of the heavenly bodies, describing their movements with a simple set of physical laws, thereby overcoming two intractable problems that had puzzled scholars since antiquity. His achievements heralded a new faith in man's ability to unveil the mysteries of the natural world. Consequently, in the words of one contemporary scholar, "his influence was unprecedented in its extent and its comparative immediacy."²

Newton's great success with the problems of natural philosophy meant that subsequent generations of English natural philosophers understandably sought to apply Newtonian principles and Newtonian methods in a wide range of fields, from chemistry and physiology to morality and the study of electricity. Newton's intellectual authority extended even to matters of religion, where his use of the argument from design influenced a whole generation of natural philosopher-theologians bent on showing that the emerging scientific method could be used to demonstrate the truths of revealed religion. In this paper, I discuss Newton's influence on natural theology in late seventeenth and eighteenth century England. I argue that his influence gave rise to a synthesis of natural philosophy and natural religion, and that this synthesis was in turn the basis of a close and endurant alliance between Newtonianism and established Christian theology, differing from anything on the Continent in its extent and longevity.

Newton's God

It is now well known that like many natural philosophers of his time, Newton was much concerned with the relationship between God and the natural world.³ The scholarship on his unpublished papers in the past sixty years or so has entirely done away with the long prevalent image of Newton as an essentially positivistic modern scientist. Newton, it turned out, devoted substantial parts of his life to the study of alchemy, Scripture and the occult, and was committed to a peculiar brand of millenarian anti-Trinitarian Christianity. A devoutly religious man who in his life wrote almost as many theological dissertations as works of science, Newton did not merely append a deity to his physics as a show of fidelity, or as a convenient stop-gap to explain what his science could not. God played an active part in the universe, integrating with his natural philosophy in important ways.⁴

In the "General Scholium" at the end of the second edition of the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Newton invoked the argument from design as evidence of the workings of God. As the man who had solved the 'riddle of the heavens', he was in a position of great authority when it came to interpreting the heavens themselves in the context of natural theology. Echoing Copernicus' rhetoric in the preface to De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (1543), Newton argued that the motion of the heavenly bodies, "this most beautiful system of the sun, planets, and comets, could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful Being."⁵ The universe was the dominion of God, and demonstrated not only His existence, but also His greatness and perfection. Newton was confident that indisputable empirical facts about the physical world, open to anybody's observation, demonstrated without qualification the existence of God.⁶ Thus, he wrote that

we know [God] only by his most wise and excellent contrivances of things, and final causes; we admire him for his perfections; but we reverence and adore him on account of his dominion.⁷

Although this passage might seem to suggest a rather remote Being, recognisable to us only through his works, Newton's God was not the abstract creator-deity of radical deists such as Toland and Tindal.⁸ Newton's conception of divine activity in the world was informed as much by his intense studies of the Bible as his natural philosophy.⁹ It was of great concern to him to refute any materialistic or atheistic implications of his new natural philosophy and, like many anti-materialists before him, he did so by associating physical space and all movement therein with the intimate presence of God.¹⁰ According to Newton, the matter of which the world was composed was by nature inert, and only through the workings of the Supreme Being did it exert an attractive force. "The motions of the planets," he maintained, "could not spring from any natural causes, but were impressed by an intelligent agent."¹¹ In other words, scientific facts about the physical world clearly implied a deity.¹²

Since the proper domain of the natural philosopher was the study of the physical world, natural theology too was therefore his province, insofar as the laws and properties of nature could be used to infer the existence of God. Thus, the natural philosopher, as conceived by Newton, had the additional task of gleaning knowledge of the deity through the examination of divine craftsmanship:

[There is] much concerning God; to discourse of whom from the appearances of things, does certainly belong to Natural Philosophy.¹³

Newton was not the first to detect that the new natural philosophy could – and should – be put to use in demonstrating the existence of a deity. Defenders of religion had quickly perceived the usefulness of re-emphasising Thomas Aquinas' "Fifth Way", given the increasing influence of empiricism and experimentation in natural philosophy throughout the seventeenth century. In England, perhaps the best known work of natural theology was The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation (1691), in which the pastor John Ray took "heavenly Bodies, Elements, Meteors ... &c." to be clear and unambiguous evidence of a designer.¹⁴ Newton's invocation of the design argument, however, lent it something that the writings of John Ray and his fellow clerics could not – namely, the considerable prestige of his "genius, and immortal fame."¹⁵ The great Newton, it seemed, had used his towering intellect to infer the existence of God from the nature of the physical world.

Newtonian Philosophy as a Bulwark Against Materialism and Atheism

Following the publication of the Principia in 1687, many English natural philosophers and clergymen quickly seized on the fact that the new philosophy might be used to stem what they believed to be a rising tide of irreligion, which they saw as rooted in materialist philosophies both homegrown and from the Continent, originating in the writings of Hobbes, Descartes and Spinoza. Of these scholarly defenders of the faith, the Boyle lecturers were probably the most influential. The natural philosopher Robert Boyle had left an annual sum in his will for lectures demonstrating the truth of the Christian religion "against notorious infidels,"¹⁶ ¹⁷ Samuel Clarke, a close friend of Newton, ascribed the operation of gravity, which had been a source of contention between Newton and Leibniz, to the active participation of a deity in the workings of nature. At every moment, the mechanism of attraction between bodies depended on a Supreme Being actively imbuing matter with attractive force. Another Boyle lecturer, Richard Bentley – Newton's successor to a chair at Cambridge – heartily endorsed his belief in the existence of a divine maker who was particularly "well skilled in mechanics and geometry,"¹⁸ deducing this from the mathematical elegance of the inverse-square law of attractive force between bodies. Bentley also argued, against the Epicurean materialist theory, that the world was the product of a random collision of atoms, maintaining that the paucity of matter in the Newtonian universe made it well nigh impossible that it should have aggregated in such a way as to create the Earth and the heavenly bodies without divine intervention.¹⁹ and in the last decade of the seventeenth century, Newtonian natural philosophy was enthusiastically adopted for this purpose. There was much in Newton's work that was open to different interpretations, and his own remarks on the subject were at times ambiguous. The Boyle lecturers – notably Samuel Clarke, Richard Bentley and William Whiston – therefore set about proving the existence of God by firmly resolving any ambiguities in Newton's philosophy in favour of a Christian God actively participating in the workings of nature.

Newton seems to have been pleased that his natural philosophy was being used to defend religious belief, remarking in a letter to Bentley that

when I wrote my treatise upon our Systeme I had an eye upon such principles as might work when considering men for the beliefe of a Deity and nothing can rejoyce me more than to find it usefull for that purpose.²⁰

Thus, the relatively rapid adoption and full Christianisation of Newton's philosophy by men of the established Church took place with Newton's blessings. He may perhaps have recognised the value of pre-empting potential materialist interpretations of his work, given the association of Cartesian natural philosophy with atheism and materialism.

The Marriage of Natural Theology and Natural Philosophy

While it might well be expected that Newton's natural philosophy would be seized upon by Anglican divines for the purpose of defending religion, arguments from design seem to have been disseminated as part and parcel of Newton's philosophy, both by those in orders and those without. This is evident in contemporary works of Newtonian science, which clearly demonstrate a new marriage between natural philosophy and religion. The early eighteenth-century writers on Newton's natural philosophy seem to have been largely at one with Aristotle in believing that "to treat of the world without saying anything of its Author would be impious."²¹ Most of them freely mixed the arguments of natural religion – both Newton's and their own – with the new natural philosophy.

An early exposition of Newtonianism, George Cheyne's Philosophical Principles of Natural Religion (1705), is a good example of this mixture. Cheyne discussed the application of Newtonian principles to medicine, while spelling out the theological implications of Newton's work – namely, that the world was the product of a divine intelligence. "All of nature," he said, "supposes Design and Contrivance, and consequently is a sign of Production or Creation."²² It was quite impossible that the elaborate mechanism observable at work in the world could "have been the Effect of Chance and Casualty."²³ Given the physical laws discovered by Newton, Cheyne thought the existence of God obvious to any "Man of ordinary Understanding, who has seriously set about the matter, and has duly weigh'd the Evidences."²⁴ The presence of the handiwork of a great Deity, he said, was no less evident to the natural philosopher than the truth of the theorems of Euclid were to a student of geometry.²⁵

Colin Maclaurin, another popular writer on Newton's work, argued in much the same vein. Demonstrations of the existence of God, he maintained, stood in "no need of nice or subtle reasoning."²⁶ To him, like Cheyne, the "[design] arguments for the existence of the Deity" were obvious and absolutely compelling, "carrying irresistible conviction ... evident from the contrivance of things."²⁷ ²⁸ Aside from the indisputable complexity and design observable in nature, "the simplicity of the laws that prevail in the world," described by the great Newton, were enough to indicate the handiwork of a Divine Author.

Even those scholars who were relatively unconcerned with theological matters would make use of arguments from design, if only to justify their scientific work. This can be seen in the work of Henry Pemberton, Newton's friend and editor. In his View of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy (1728), he by and large avoided elaborating on the theological implications of Newton's work, but still thought it fit to observe in his preface that "the works of nature [offer everywhere] proofs of the unbounded power, and the consummate wisdom of their author."²⁹

These early Newtonian texts indicate that in practice, natural religion was not clearly distinguished from natural philosophy, or at least not seen as a particularly distinct avenue of enquiry. The two seem to have formed a synthesis where the one reinforced the other, to the benefit of both. Newtonian natural philosophy was assimilated into the intellectual establishment of Anglican Christianity, and was thus protected, at least in part, from association with atheism and materialism, while Christianity could invoke the authority of the new natural philosophy both in matters concerning the existence of God – and, by rather questionable extension, in confirming the truths of revealed religion. Just as Platonic Christian theology and Aristotelianism had coalesced in the thirteenth century to form a comprehensive Christian world view where everything had its place – the Great Chain of Being³⁰ – so the combination of Newtonian natural philosophy and natural theology created a particular teleological conception of the world well suited to its time and place – one in which evidence of a purposeful Christian Creator-God could be found everywhere in nature. So pervasive was this development that throughout the eighteenth century and well into the nineteenth, English scholars and clergymen alike would continue to attribute natural phenomena in fields as diverse as natural history, anatomy and chemistry to the craftsmanship and providence of God.³¹

"The Cradle of Natural Theology"

This Newtonian strain of natural theology was largely, but not uniquely, an English phenomenon. It also rose to prominence in other Protestant countries such as Germany and the Netherlands, both of which developed their own traditions in natural theology. Natural theology in these countries, however, did not become as intimately tied with the very pursuit of natural philosophy as in England.³² The English seem to have been aware that the intimacy between religion and the investigation of nature was a homegrown phenomenon that was "particularly prominent and persistent"³³ in their country. By the middle of the eighteenth century we find, for example, Thomas Nugent, the translator of Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws, describing England as "the cradle of natural religion."³⁴

While eighteenth-century England abounded with natural theological works of varying quality, relatively few seem to have had much interest in pursuing this new intellectual avenue in Catholic France. Abbé Noel-Antoine Pluche, a notable exception, produced the relatively popular Spectacle de la nature (1732), but natural theology as such did not entrench itself into the culture of the practitioners of French natural philosophy in the same way as in England.³⁵ This may perhaps be traced to the fact that much of progressive French work in natural science took place outside of the universities, and often against the will of the Church.³⁶ When Newtonianism began to make great headway in France, thanks partly to Voltaire's Lettres philosophiques (1733), it seems to have done so despite rather than because of the established church.

Conclusion

The particularly English Newtonian-Christian synthesis described here – its rise, longevity, and relative intellectual sturdiness – is in many ways understandable. It was, first of all, inclusive in terms of compatibility with creeds, and thus well suited to England, a country divided on matters of religious doctrine. Arguments from design and conceptions of divine providence in nature for the most part reinforced and were compatible with the many variants of Protestant Christianity, irrespective of their internal theological differences. This meant that natural theology could serve as a banner under which Dissenters and Anglicans alike marshaled forces against the perceived threat of atheism and materialism.³⁷ Secondly, the alliance of Protestant Christianity and Newtonian natural philosophy meant that study of the natural world took place within the fold of established religion, not outside of it, and the keenest expounders of natural philosophy were often clergymen. This may have alleviated tensions between religion and the burgeoning natural philosophy.

Finally, for those who studied the natural world, natural theology could serve as a valuable method by which to justify views on nature that seemed to go against revealed religion. Any empirical inquiries into the mysteries of nature – no matter how seemingly contradictory to Scripture their result might be – could be justified, at least partly, by saying that the uncovering of nature's mysteries served to demonstrate divine providence and the greatness of God. It thus became a valuable way of deflecting religious criticism.³⁸

On the whole, it is difficult to evaluate whether the "Newtonian synthesis" had a positive or negative effect on the progress of natural science. Regardless of its effects, it would last some two hundred years as a widespread intellectual conception of the world among English natural scientists, succumbing finally in the late nineteenth century, in the aftermath of the destructive blow dealt by the work of Charles Darwin. Flexible enough to adapt to new scientific advances and drastic social changes throughout a large part of the modern period, it remains an important episode in the long and tumultuous relationship between organised religion and inquiry into the workings of the natural world.

http://sveinbjorn.org/writings

(24/03/2008) The Newtonian Synthesis: Natural Philosophy
and Natural Theology in Enlightenment England

Johannes Stark

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919

Biography

Johannes Stark was born on April 15, 1874 in Schickenhof, Bavaria; his father was a landed proprietor. He was educated at the Gymnasium (grammar school) in Bayreuth and later in Regensburg and proceeded to Munich University in 1894 to read physics, mathematics, chemistry and crystallography. Stark graduated in 1897 on the basis of his doctoral dissertation on Newton's electrochronic rings in a certain type of dim media. He worked as assistant to von Lommel at the Physics Institute at Munich University from 1897 until 1900 and then became unsalaried university lecturer of physics at the University of Göttingen. In 1906 he was appointed extraordinary professor at the Technische Hochschule in Hannover and in 1909 he followed the invitation of the Technische Hochschule in Aachen to become Professor there. A similar appointment at the University of Greifswald followed in 1917. Three years later he moved to the Physics Institute of the University of Würzburg, where he stayed until 1922.

Stark's scientific works cover three large fields: the electric currents in gases, spectroscopic analysis, and chemical valency. His spectroscopic work deals with the connection between the alteration in the structure and in the spectrum of chemical atoms. In 1919 Stark was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his "discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields". The prize enabled him to set up his own private laboratory.

In 1933 Stark was elected President of the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (Physico-Technical Institute) as successor to von Paschen, where he remained until his retirement in 1939. At the same time he held the post of President of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Association).

Stark was a prolific writer and published more than 300 scientific papers. His book Die Elektrizität in Gasen (Electricity in gases) was published in 1902. This was followed by works on elementary radiation and electrical spectroscopic analysis of chemical atoms. In connection with his work on chemical valency he wrote a book Die Elektrizität im chemischen Atom (Electricity in the chemical atom). Stark founded the Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik (The Year Book of Radioactivity and Electronics) and edited this publication from 1904 until 1913.

Johannes Stark was a corresponding member of the Academies in Göttingen, Rome, Leyden, Vienna and Calcutta, and was awarded the Baumgartner Prize of the Vienna Academy of Sciences in 1910 and the Vahlbruch Prize of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences in 1914, and also the Matteucci Medal of the Rome Academy.

During the last years of his life Stark, in his private laboratory on his country estate Eppenstatt near Traunstein in Upper Bavaria, investigated the effect of light deflection in an unhomogeneous electric field.

He was married to Luise Uepler. They had five children. His recreations were forestry and cultivation of fruit trees.

The cover of a 1932 Danish translation of Stark's "Adolf Hitler: Aims and Personality"

Stark died on June 21, 1957.

From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967

This autobiography/biography was first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stark_effect

Sci-Tech Encyclopedia: Stark effect

The effect of an electric field on spectrum lines. The electric field may be externally applied; but in many cases it is an internal field caused by the presence of neighboring ions or atoms in a gas, liquid, or solid. Discovered in 1913 by J. Stark, the effect is most easily studied in the spectra of hydrogen and helium, by observing the light from the cathode dark space of an electric discharge. Because of the large potential drop across this region, the lines are split into several components. For observation perpendicular to the field, the light of these components is linearly polarized.The linear Stark effect exhibits large, nearly symmetrical patterns. The interpretation of the linear Stark effect was one of the first successes of the quantum theory. According to this theory, the effect of the electric field on the electron orbit is to split each energy level of the principal quantum number n into 2n − 1 equidistant levels, of separation proportional to the field strength. See also Atomic structure and spectra.

Naunihal (1967)

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0425287/

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NAUNIHAL - MERI AAWAZ SUNO

06:59

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yeh zindagi ke mele

03:33

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore


Rabindranath Tagore in Kolkata, c. 1915
Born	7 May 1861(1861-05-07) Calcutta
Died	7 August 1941 (aged 80) Calcutta
Occupation	poet, playwright, philosopher, composer, artist
Writing period	Bengal Renaissance
Notable award(s)	Nobel Prize in Literature (1913)REFUSED
Influenced[show] D.R. Bendre, André Gide, Yasunari Kawabata, Kuvempu, Gabriela Mistral, Pablo Neruda, Octavio Paz

Signature

RABINDRANATH TAGORE IN HINDI AND ENGLISH AFTER THE DEATH OF HIS FAMILY IN AN ACCIDENT.

Thursday, August 7, 2008 12:04 PM

From:

--- On Thu, 8/7/08, mamta dhody wrote:

From: mamta dhody

Subject: RABINDRANATH TAGORE IN HINDI AND ENGLISH AFTER THE DEATH OF HIS FAMILY IN AN ACCIDENT.

To: mausam.sharma@mailtoday.in, manoj.joshi@mailtoday.in, prashant.singh@mailtoday.in

Cc: director@desidoc.drdo.in, director@cair.res.in, dirdarl@sancharnet.in, darl_drdo@rediffmail.com, dealdrdo@del2.vsnl.net.in, director_drl@yahoo.com, defphys@bol.net.in, director@hemrl.org, j_narayanadas@yahoo.com, postmaster@nstl.org, director@vrde.drdo.in, director.nstl@gov.in, jndas@nmrl.drdo.in, ilavazhagan@bol.net.in, scscphq@bol.net.in, jtcp-crime-dl@nic.in, jtcp-nr-dl@nic.in, jtcp-ndr-dl@nic.in, jtcp-sr-dl@nic.in, addlcp-crime-dl@nic.in, addlcp-phq-dl@nic.in, dcp-northeast-dl@nic.in, dcp-east-dl@nic.in, dcp-newdelhi-dl@nic.in, dcp-northwest-dl@nic.in, dcp-central-dl@nic.in, dcp-north-dl@nic.in, dcp-west-dl@nic.in, dcp-southwest-dl@nic.in, dcp-south-dl@nic.in, feedback@ndtv.com, manjeet.sehgal@mailtoday.in, dinesh.sharma@mailtoday.in, letters@mailtoday.in, television@mailtoday.in

Date: Thursday, August 7, 2008, 11:03 AM

To,

The Editor,

Mail Today,
Dated- August 7th-2008

Sir,

This is in response to your cover story on “Surrogacy”.Please visit my Blog at:-

http://bhatiyajantatalji.blogspot.com/2008/06/

why-are-7-steps-necessary-in-vedic.html

Surrogacy is being used filthily and forced on vedic marriages by heinous caricatures of lower category mongrels.What you have covered is a different issue altogether.There is nothing wrong in bringing happiness in a home and getting paid for it.

But drugging a fertile young woman in her fertility period and introducing a sex charged embryo of a 13 year old ,inside her womb ;

who later turns up to claim children in whose bringing up ,she had no role and has the hots only for the perks that go with such heinous cheating is unethical and will destroy nations.

Let me tell you a story of my life when my father was alive and maintained ethos of the place where he lived.This story is of Jabalpur where Bobby was released in 1973 exact ; to show what the British Arya Samaj Act of 1937 is actually doing with innocent mothers.

Down the lane; the last house at Narmada Road near the residence of my father ,was the house of Mr & Mrs..Bhattacharya ,an old service class Bengali couple; whose children had left for abroad leaving them alone to fend for themselves.Uncle had a pension for subsistence and Aunty was a housewife.I was in the 6th class then and was part of the group of children that the couple was extremely friendly with.

Tagore was introduced to me by uncle who had numerous books in Bengali in his shelves.I was their most favorite chamchi –spoon savoring each and every bit of Tagore that they gave to children.Away from their own naunihaal ,the milk of kindness was dispersed amongst the colony children ,an easy overflow of peaceful retired life.

One day when I was playing at their house Aunty in her favorite Bengali sari ,with keys thrown over her shoulder ,her hair parting glowing with deep red Bengali sindhoor,a red tikka glimmering on her wrinkled forehead,simply collapsed on her sofa her face sparkling with drops of well earned sweat , a duster in her hands.

I simply took the duster from her hands and started cleaning her house , one thing leading to another ,changed all her shelves newspapers ,dusted the corners,climbed on chairs and made the house sparkling new.Everything was unsaid and I could sense her tired gratitude.

The old couple had employed a maid but could not afford or wanted their most private life exposed by allowing her access to places where only family members have access to.

I loved knowledge and Tagore.I also loved seeing Aunty perform her pooja ,fresh from her bath chanting Bengali pooja mantras to Kali mata, an earthern pooja container in her hand with a handle filled with sweet smelling pooja samagri ,vapors and holy smoke emanating and filling the entire house.Back and forth she went,outside in her garden and towards her backyard. In Jabalpur it was mandatory for the houseowners to leave a space on both sides of their house and people grew fruit trees in those spaces.

The small house of the elderly couple was richest for me enveloped in love ,values ,culture and puja.Aunty was so beautiful in her old age and as a young child I could just see her in awe ,her glowing sparkling face ,her big red Bindi ,her Bengali perfumed alta-red color of Suhaag on her feet ,her holy chants making the whole environment so inspiring for me.

It became a routine for me to go and clean their house once a week just like their own grandchild-I was only in 6th class.

I had a boyfriend too even at that age as all other colony children who although played in groups but had their special friends too.His name was Arun Grover and was my next door neighbor whose elder brother is Cardiologist Ajay Grover.The family was Arya Samajhi .Even at that young age he took serious offense at my going to the Bengali couple’s house,and teased me calling me their servant and other filth and objected .I told him to just shut up as it was my parents discretion to object and none of his business. I think now that they did not like the happiness of the old couple who were staunch Sanatan Dharmis and wanted to create mischief-although his own family too was closely knit and his parents devoted to each other.I continued my services to the old couple and chose to dump this boy.

Now all this story brings home is that even if there is no relation with someone ,love can exist and also that old couples are being dumped by their children,who can be taken care of by caring neighbor’s children.Ultimately however the old couple locked the house and shifted with their family.

Another point that this episode brings home is that the filth has passed even to the children in Arya Sanajhis who cannot tolerate God fearing old couples surviving together and create mischief for them.

All the old couples problems and murders taking place around Delhi can be well deciphered by this small episode of my life.

Naunihal (1967)

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0425287/

NAUNIHAL - MERI AAWAZ SUNO

Added

NAUNIHAL - MERI AAWAZ SUNO

06:59 From: Ajit45555

DEATH OF NEHRUJI ON 27TH MAY 1964 FINDS NO MENTION ON HIS SAMADHI .

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization

Congress President Sonia Gandhi pays homage at the samadhi of Jawahar Lal Nehru at

Shanti Van in New Delhi on Monday on his 38th death anniversary.
In video (28k, 56k)

Founded by the Arab League in 1964

Where The Mind is Without Fear

WHERE the mind is without fear and the head is held high

Where knowledge is free

Where the world has not been broken up into fragments

By narrow domestic walls

Where words come out from the depth of truth

Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection

Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way

Into the dreary desert sand of dead habit

Where the mind is led forward by thee

Into ever-widening thought and action

Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake.

Rabindranath Tagore

Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhosle (statue at Raigad)
Reign	1664 - 1680
Coronation	June 6, 1674
Titles	High Protector of the Maratha Empire
Born	February 19, 1627
Birthplace	Shivneri Fort, near Pune, India
Died	April 3, 1680
Place of death	Raigad Fort
Successor	Sambhaji
Wives	Sai bai Soyarabai Putalabai Kashibai Sagunabai Manjulabai Sakavaarbai Gunvantibai^{[citation needed]}
Offspring	Sambhaji, Rajaram, and six daughters
Father	Shahaji
Mother	Jijabai

We Shall Overcome

Added

Lyrics derived from Charles Tindley's gospel song "I'll Overcome Some Day" (1900), and opening and closing melody from the 19th-century spiritual "No More Auction Block for Me" (a song that dates to before the Civil War). According to Professor Donnell King of Pellissippi State Technical Community College (in Knoxville, Tenn.), "We Shall Overcome" was adapted from these gospel songs by "Guy Carawan, Candy Carawan, and a couple of other people associated with the Highlander Research and Education Center, currently located near Knoxville, Tennessee. I have in my possession copies of the lyrics that include a brief history of the song, and a notation that royalties from the song go to support the Highlander Center."

1.	We shall overcome We shall overcome We shall overcome some day

CHORUS:

Oh, deep in my heart

I do believe

We shall overcome some day

2.	We'll walk hand in hand We'll walk hand in hand We'll walk hand in hand some day

CHORUS

3.	We shall all be free We shall all be free We shall all be free some day

CHORUS

4.	We are not afraid We are not afraid We are not afraid some day

CHORUS

5.	We are not alone We are not alone We are not alone some day

CHORUS

6.	The whole wide world around The whole wide world around The whole wide world around some day

CHORUS

7.	We shall overcome We shall overcome We shall overcome some day

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic: منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية‎; Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah (help·info) or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary organization regarded by the Arab League since October 1974 as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people."^[1]

Founded by the Arab League in 1964, its goal was the destruction of the State of Israel through armed struggle, and was initially controlled for the most part by the Egyptian government. The original PLO Charter stressed Israel's annihilation, as well as a right of return and self-determination for Palestinian Arabs, which was during Jordan's and Egypt's occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, respectively. Palestinian statehood was not mentioned, although later the PLO adopted the idea of an independent state between the Jordan River and Mediterranean Sea.^[2] More recently, the PLO unofficially adopted a two-state solution, with Israel and Palestine living side by side, although many Palestinian leaders, including Yasser Arafat and Faisal Husseini had declared that their goal was still to be the "liberation" of all of Palestine.^[2]^[3]. Moreover, the PLO charter has not changed until this day, hence includes the armed struggle against the State of Israel.

In 1993, PLO chairman Yasser Arafat recognized the State of Israel in an official letter to its prime minister, Yitzhak Rabin. In response to Arafat's letter, Israel recognized the PLO as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. Arafat was the Chairman of the PLO Executive Committee from 1969 until his death in 2004. He was succeeded by Mahmoud Abbas (also known as Abu Mazen).

The PLO was considered "the richest of all terrorist organizations" with $8-$10 billion in assets and an annual income of $1.5-$2 billion from "donations, extortion, payoffs, illegal arms dealing, drug trafficking, money laundering, fraud, etc.", according to a 1993 National Criminal Intelligence Service report. The Daily Telegraph reported in 1999 that the PLO had $50 billion in secret investments around the world.^[4]

20-5-2007

Psychological terrorism and open killings promoted by Islam.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Criticism_of_the_Qur'an

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Islamic_extremist_terrorism

008.012
YUSUFALI: Remember thy Lord inspired the angels (with the message): "I am with you: give firmness to the Believers: I will instil terror into the hearts of the Unbelievers: smite ye above their necks and smite all their finger-tips off them."
PICKTHAL: When thy Lord inspired the angels, (saying): I am with you. So make those who believe stand firm. I will throw fear into the hearts of those who disbelieve. Then smite the necks and smite of them each finger.
SHAKIR: When your Lord revealed to the angels: I am with you, therefore make firm those who believe. I will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve. Therefore strike off their heads and strike off every fingertip of them.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization

Statements made by members of the PLO

On fighting against Israel:

"I come bearing an olive branch in one hand, and the freedom fighter's gun in the other. Do not let the olive branch fall from my hand." -- Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the PLO (November, 1974, while speaking at the United Nations)

"This is my homeland; no one can kick me out." -- Yasser Arafat's reply to Ariel Sharon's threat to expel him from the occupied territories. September 11, 2003.

"We plan to eliminate the state of Israel and establish a purely Palestinian state. We will make life unbearable for Jews by psychological warfare and population explosion... We Palestinians will take over everything, including all of Jerusalem." -- Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the PLO (in front of an Arab audience in Stockholm in 1996)

"Whoever thinks of stopping the uprising before it achieves its goals, I will give him ten bullets in the chest." --Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the PLO

"We know only one word: Jihad, Jihad, Jihad. When we stopped the intifada, we did not stop the jihad for the establishment of a Palestinian state whose capital is Jerusalem. And now we are entering the phase of the great jihad prior to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state whose capital is Jerusalem...We are in a conflict with the Zionist movement and the Balfour Declaration and all imperialist activities." --Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the PLO (During an October 21,1996 speech at the Dehaishe refugee camp)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_of_non-Muslim_places_of_worship_into_mosques

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruction_of_Idol_Temples

http://www.alinaam.org.za/misc/STATUES.HTM

http://dir.salon.com/story/books/int/2004/07/08/flynt/index.html

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076172/

http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/maharashtra/shivaji.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Emergency_%281975%E2%80%931977%29

Kennedy and Jawahar Lal Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi killed as part of waging psychological warfare on symbolic dates of Shivaji and beginning of islam date -622.All wanted to destroy the Muslim SyndIcate in India who fuel the industrialists and politicians of India and kill the police officers.All the above leaders wanted to secure the rights of Jerusalem and Bethlehem and re -instate the Kashmiri Brahmins,whose lands have been usurped by Islam .Bhopal is full of muslims now as due to the Iron Pillar of Kutub Minar history of Kaaba and Vikramaditya’s kingdom.The Iron Pillar of Kutub Minar at first was established by Vikramaditya near Bhopal,on the line of the Tropic of Cancer.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijra_(Islam)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi

http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020421/spectrum/lead2.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank

http://www.kosmic-kabbalah.com/pages/teachings_kabbalah_art_third_temple.htm

http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml?sid=106838

Mamta Dhody

http://www.ipo.co.il/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishabhdeo

Rikhabdeo (ऋषभदेव)(modern spelling is Rishabhdeo) is a census town in Udaipur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.

Rishabhadeoji is situated 65 km from Udaipur and is on Udaipur-Ahmedabad Road. The name of the town is Dhulev (धुलेव), however it is better known as Rishabhadeo. It is a well known pilgrim site. The main attraction is the temple of Rishabhadeoji , the first Jain tirthankara. Local Bhils also worship the deity.

Lord Rishabhadeo is also Kesariaji because a large offering of saffron (Keshar, a common ingredient in Jain rituals) is made to the deity.

This temple was considered to be one of the four main religious institutions of Mewar, ruled by the Sisodia Maharanas of Udaipur ^[1], as stated by Chatur Singhji Bavji:

Ekling Girirajdhar Rishabdev Bhujchaar

Sumaron Sada Sneh so, Chaar Dham Mewar

It has been a famous Jain pilgrimage center. The famous Arati by Mulchand refers to this temple ^[2]:

Dusari Aarti Din Dayala,

Dhuleva Nagarman Jug Ujavala

The administration was handed over to the government after India's independence.

The Digambara Bhattarakas built other temples in Dhulev, and continued the Bhattaraka seat at Rishabhadeo. The last Bhattaraka Yashakirti was conscecretated by his guru Kshemakirti in 1917 AD. He died in 1978. His funeral memorial is on the Chandragiri hill ^[8].

[edit] The temple dispute

The nature of the temple has been in issue between Digambers, Swetambers and other hindus. However, the Supreme Court of India in its judgment delivered in 'The State of Rajasthan & Ors. Vs. Shri Sajjanlal Panjawat & Ors. [reported as (1974) 1 SCC 500]' has, after considering the material produced, decided that it is a 'Jain temple' [see para 12 at Pg. 509/510 SCC]. However, since the right to manage the said temple had been taken over by the State of Mewar before promulgation of the Indian Constitution, therefore, Jains had no right to manage the temple after the Indian Constitution came into force and for that reason, it was held, that the jains had no right to protect under Article 25/26 of the Indian Constitution. The issue of management of the said tample was again cropped up and Digambers, Swetambers, Hindus and the State of Rajasthan again brought the matter in the Supreme Court of India claiming to have the right to manage the temple but this time on the strength of 'Rajasthan Public Trust Act' which says that those temples to which chapter X of the said Act is applicable would be managed by a Committee constituted from the persons interested in the management. That case was decided by a Bench of the Indian Supreme Court and Hon'ble Mr. Justice S.B. Sinha and Hon'ble Mr. Justice Markandey Katju vide judgment dated January 4, 2007 delivered in Civil Appeal No.4092-95 of 2002 titled as Deewan Singh & Ors. vs. Rajendra Prasad ARdevi & Ors. and other connected Civil Appeals, confirmed the judgment of Single Judge (which was modified by the Division Bench of the Rajasthan High Court)and ordered that the management of the said Temple be handed over to the committee as envisaged under Section 53 of the 'Rajasthan Public Trust Act' within four months.

Recent Supreme Court decision to hand over the administration to the Jain community ^[9] had led to protests and violence by the local tribals ^[10], ^[11]. Frontine reported that ^[12]:

"The revenue earned by the temple was also perhaps the main issue behind the legal tangle and the current confrontation, in which tribal people have been used as cannon fodder. The temple complex lies on 378 hectares of land and houses a guest house as well. Its moveable property alone is said to be valued at about Rs.51 crores. It is estimated that on an average 2,000 devotees visit Rishabdeo every day.

The temple's eight Brahmin priests share the bulk of the offerings.

The priests insist that the management cannot be handed over to the Jain community. "Where will we go? The Maharanas of Mewar gave us the right to conduct prayers here. They also made valuable offerings to the god," says Bhogilal, a priest. "I won't let the mandir go either to the Devasthan or to the tribals," he says."

Gulabchand Kataria, the home minister of Rajasthan believes that the tribals were incited by some elements ^[13]. Dainik Navjyoti ^[14]had reported on 14th February that

"Some members of the Jain community say that some leaders of the vaishnava community are behind instigation of the tribals."

"the priests get a large fraction of all the offerings. Because of this selfish interest, the group of priests do not want the management to go to the Jains."

Bhaskar reported the anonymous pamphlets were distributed among the tribals to incite them^[15]. The violence erupted on 7th February, when the tribal leaders had declared a "Mahapadav". Several hundred tribals attacked the members of the Jain community and destroyed theirs shops, houses, cars etc. The police were unbale to contain the destruction even after the use of tear gas and rubber bullets. One person was killed in the police firing.

There is pressure being put on the state government not to implement the Supreme Court decision ^[16]. This is causing alarm in the Jain community.

www.hinduonnet.com/.../20070309002903800.htm

Frontline
Volume 24 - Issue 04 :: Feb. 24-Mar. 09, 2007
INDIA'S NATIONAL MAGAZINE
from the publishers of THE HINDU

THE STATES/RAJASTHAN

Anatomy of another confrontation

T.K. RAJALAKSHMI
in Udaipur

Police action on a gathering of Bhils following a court order on the Rishabdeo temple ends in violence and escalation of tensions.

PHOTOGRAPHS BY T.K. RAJALAKSHMI

At the Rishabdeo temple near Udaipur, a priest at the entrance to the sanctum sanctorum.

TUCKED between the low hills of the Aravalli range is Rishabdeo town, famous for its black-stone Jain temple. Legend has it that Dhula Bhil, a tribal man, installed the idol of Rishabdeo, the first Tirthankara, here. The town is also called Dhulev, and later it got a third name, Kesariyaji, after kesar, or saffron, began to be used as an oblation. The town, located 65 kilometres from Udaipur city and 190 km from Ahmedabad, not only is a centre of religious activity but also is well known for its green marble deposits.

Rishabhdeo and nearby towns such as Kalyanpur are mainly Jain townships and are surrounded by habitations of Bhil tribal people on and around the hills. There is a relationship of interdependence between the communities. A third social category thrives here: Brahmins who manage the offerings and prayers at the temple. There are around 100 persons directly dependent on earnings from the temple, which is one of the many promoted by the State government's Devasthan Department.

Bhils are at the bottom and Jains and Brahmins at the top of the income ladder. But the temple is all about pluralism. Bhils worship the idol as Kalaji Bavji, Brahmins consider it the eighth incarnation of Vishnu, and Jains believe it is Rishabhdeo.

However, on January 4, the peaceful coexistence and mutual dependence was torn asunder when the Supreme Court, upholding an order of the Rajasthan High Court, declared that the temple was a Jain temple. The order mandated that the Devasthan Department constitute a management committee within four months. As to whether it was a Digambar or Shwetambar Jain temple, the State government was asked to decide on the basis of facts.

The dispute over the management of the temple dates to the 1960s. Initially, the wrangle was whether it was a Digambara or a Shwetambara temple. As the economy around the temple flourished, the number of claimants to manage it increased, but devotees of Dhula Bhil were not among them. Following the court order, they were dragged into the controversy by vested interests that conveyed the impression that the temple had been handed over to the Jain community and that Bhils would not be allowed to worship there.

The next step was taken at the Veneshwar Mela on February 2, also known as the `Mahakumbh' of the tribal people as it is held at the confluence of three rivers in the tribal district of Dungarpur. Tribal people who flocked to the venue from as far as Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat got anonymous pamphlets informing them of a "Mahapadaav" or grand meeting on February 7 at Pagliaji, also a place of religious importance, to discuss the effects of the court order. Subsequently, a section of tribal elders called off the Mahapadaav and decided to discuss the issue in a small group. This decision was disseminated orally.

The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government in Rajasthan failed to read the resentment building up among the tribal people. Chief Minister Vasundra Raje Scindia and Home Minister Gulab Chand Kataria, who represents Udaipur in the Assembly, remained oblivious to the developments in Rishabdeo. The party itself was busy tackling faction fights that surfaced in the State unit around the same time.

On February 7, thousands of tribal people gathered at Pagliaji, unaware that the meeting had been called off. Around noon the police, anticipating trouble, lathi-charged the assembly. The Bhils retaliated and the police burst tear-gas shells and also opened fire. The Bhils then turned their wrath on properties belonging to Jains and on the machines used at the marble mines. A tribal youth, Ram Lal, died in the police firing and many were injured. Only some of the injured were admitted to hospital; many of them preferred to stay away from hospitals fearing police reprisal.

Policemen also faced the brunt of tribal anger and many of them, including Superintendent of Police M.N. Dinesh, were injured. The siege of Rishabdeo town continued the next day as well. Dinesh, speaking to Frontline, justified the firing on the grounds that "none from the tribal community approached the police or the government with any representation after the firing". According to him, this meant most people felt that had the firing not taken place more people would have died and shops would have been set on fire.

Tribal aggression against Jains is an expression of the social and economic resentment that has built up over the years, say C.L. Sharma, a retired Professor of Sociology, and B.L. Singhvi, district secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). "It is a class war," says Sharma. Bhils here, as in most of Rajasthan, have very little to subsist on. They are entirely dependent on Jains, and the lack of any qualitative government intervention has ensured that the majority of Bhils live below subsistence level.

archites.blogspot.com/2006/12/blog-post.html

At Delana village, 15 km from Rishabdeo town, people visit the family of Ram Lal, who was killed in the police firing at Pagliagi on February 7.

Though the tribal people are supposed to have pattas for the land they own, the actual ownership is with others. Several politicians in the ruling party own mines in the area. The struggle over the temple, says Singhvi, is more about the continued marginalisation of the tribal people. "Their action against the police was an expression of suppressed anger as most of the time they have been at the receiving end of police action," he said.

In Delana village, where mourners gathered at Ram Lal's house, there is a sense of resignation. People are angry over the death of a tribal youth, but they are more upset with the government for neglecting them. "These Jains have become millionaires because of us. What do we have? Last year, when the floods came, the government announced Rs.6,000 for each family whose home was destroyed. Many of us are yet to get that amount," says Lacchi Ram, an ex-serviceman.

Others too poured out the same story of neglect. Nearly 80 per cent of the people in the village did not have Below-Poverty-Line (BPL) ration cards, they said and added that Jains owned the ration shops. The villages had neither tar roads nor electricity. Residents showed the wheat and the rice they received as BPL entitlements. "It is absolutely rotten," says Ram Lal Meena, a ward panch member.

The sarpanch of Delana village, Seema Meena, admitted reluctantly that even under the National Rural Employment Gurantee Act hardly anyone had been paid the prescribed wage of Rs.73 a day. The people felt that had the controversy and the firing not been over Kesariyaji, none would have bothered to come this far to meet Ram Lal's family. "In any agitation, only the Adivasi gets killed. We want the Devasthan Department to take over the management of the temple and use the revenues for the development of this region," said Govardhanlal, a former sarpanch.

The revenue earned by the temple was also perhaps the main issue behind the legal tangle and the current confrontation, in which tribal people have been used as cannon fodder. The temple complex lies on 378 hectares of land and houses a guest house as well. Its moveable property alone is said to be valued at about Rs.51 crores. It is estimated that on an average 2,000 devotees visit Rishabdeo every day.

The tribal people have an organic relationship with the temple. Their economic and social lives are closely linked to it even though their offerings are modest when compared with those of others. The temple's eight Brahmin priests share the bulk of the offerings.

Priests' claim

The priests insist that the management cannot be handed over to the Jain community. "Where will we go? The Maharanas of Mewar gave us the right to conduct prayers here. They also made valuable offerings to the god," says Bhogilal, a priest. "I won't let the mandir go either to the Devasthan or to the tribals," he says.

But there are several sections that want the issue resolved, for more than one reason. Raghuveer Meena, Congress legislator from Sarada in Udaipur, said that in the interests of everybody the matter had to be settled before the onset of Holi. "In April, lakhs of tribal people come here to worship and it may become a delicate situation," he said. Soon after the new government took over in 2003, Sarada witnessed clashes between tribal people and Muslims over a petty issue.

Raghuveer Meena is one of the few Congress legislators from the Mewar region, where the BJP won the majority of seats in 2003 and where a lot of "Hinduisation" of the tribal people has taken place because of the efforts of organisations such as the Vanvasi Kalyan Parishad. This has also led to much resentment against the Christian and Muslim minorities. Paresh Dwivedi, a sociologist, told Frontline that the aggression among tribal people was bound to take a new form, especially as most of the elected representatives were aligned with the ruling party and were reluctant to come out in the open with the real issues.

The Rishabdeo incident should not be seen as an isolated one. It is a sign of the restlessness that is building up in the area. Bhil youth, unlike their forefathers, are not prepared to take things lying down and the consolidation of their resentment can take any form. Religion is only a façade; the real reasons are apparently rooted in the political economy of the region.

www.egothemag.com/archives/2004/12/rekha.htm

Fifty Years of Seduction
By Mo Shah

Ptosis of the left eye.

Myasthenia gravis (literally "serious muscle-weakness"; from Greek μύς "muscle", ἀσθένεια "weakness", and Latin gravis "serious"; abbreviated MG) is a neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatiguability. It is an autoimmune disorder, in which weakness is caused by circulating antibodies that block acetylcholine receptors at the post-synaptic neuromuscular junction,^[1] inhibiting the stimulative effect of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Myasthenia is treated medically with cholinesterase inhibitors or immunosuppressants, and, in selected cases, thymectomy. At 200–400 cases per million it is one of the less common autoimmune disorders

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myasthenia_gravis

Associations

Myasthenia Gravis is associated with various autoimmune diseases, including:

Seropositive and "double-seronegative" patients often have thymoma or thymic hyperplasia. However, anti-MuSK positive patients do not have evidence of thymus pathology.

Treatment

Treatment is by medication and/or surgery. Medication consists mainly of cholinesterase inhibitors to directly improve muscle function and immunosuppressant drugs to reduce the autoimmune process. Thymectomy is a surgical method to treat MG. For emergency treatment, plasmapheresis or IVIG can be used as a temporary measure to remove antibodies from the blood circulation.

Notable people

Augustus Pablo, reggae musician. Died May 18, 1999 due to a collapsed lung and had suffered from the disease for some time.
Suzanne Rogers, daytime television actress; plays Maggie Horton on Days of Our Lives. Diagnosed in 1984, but currently in remission.
Vijay Tendulkar, A renowned Indian Play-Writer died on 19th May 2008 due to complications arising out of Myasthenia gravis.
Aristotle Onassis.
Brandon Cox- Starting Auburn QB from 2005-2007. Finished with a record of 29-9.
Madame Web, a fictional character from the Spider-Man comics and other media.
Amitabh Bachchan, Bollywood superstar, Star of Millennium (voted on BBC)

Here are a couple of Sardarji jokes that need to be told/retold. For whatever reasons, Sardars, the turbaned Sikhs of Punjab, are parodied as numskulls.

A Sardar and his wife filed an application for divorce three years after marriage.
Judge: “How’ll you divide your kids, you have three children?”
Sardar: “Oh, I see! We’ll apply NEXT YEAR, then!”

rambodoc.wordpress.com/.../21/sar-darky-jokes/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system

Immune system

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

A scanning electron microscope image of a single neutrophil (yellow), engulfing anthrax bacteria (orange).

An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. It detects a wide variety of agents, from viruses to parasitic worms, and needs to distinguish them from the organism's own healthy cells and tissues in order to function properly. Detection is complicated as pathogens adapt and evolve new ways to successfully infect the host organism.

To survive this challenge, multiple mechanisms evolved that recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess enzyme systems that protect against viral infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants, fish, reptiles, and insects. These mechanisms include antimicrobial peptides called defensins, phagocytosis, and the complement system. More sophisticated mechanisms, however, developed relatively recently, with the evolution of vertebrates.^[1] The immune systems of vertebrates such as humans consist of many types of proteins, cells, organs, and tissues, which interact in an elaborate and dynamic network. As part of this more complex immune response, the vertebrate system adapts over time to recognize particular pathogens more efficiently. The adaptation process creates immunological memories and allows even more effective protection during future encounters with these pathogens. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.

Disorders in the immune system can result in disease. Immunodeficiency diseases occur when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. Immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease, such as severe combined immunodeficiency, or be produced by pharmaceuticals or an infection, such as the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) that is caused by the retrovirus HIV. In contrast, autoimmune diseases result from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1 and lupus erythematosus.

Adaptive immunity

For more details on this topic, see Adaptive immune system.

The adaptive immune system evolved in early vertebrates and allows for a stronger immune response as well as immunological memory, where each pathogen is "remembered" by a signature antigen.^[39] The adaptive immune response is antigen-specific and requires the recognition of specific “non-self” antigens during a process called antigen presentation. Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells. The ability to mount these tailored responses is maintained in the body by "memory cells". Should a pathogen infect the body more than once, these specific memory cells are used to quickly eliminate it.

[edit] Lymphocytes

The cells of the adaptive immune system are special types of leukocytes, called lymphocytes. B cells and T cells are the major types of lymphocytes and are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.^[25] B cells are involved in the humoral immune response, whereas T cells are involved in cell-mediated immune response.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS

AIDS

The Red ribbon is a symbol for solidarity with HIV-positive people and those living with AIDS.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS or Aids) is a set of symptoms and infections resulting from the damage to the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).^[1] This condition progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors. HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid, and breast milk.^[2]^[3] This transmission can involve anal, vaginal or oral sex, blood transfusion, contaminated hypodermic needles, exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, or other exposure to one of the above bodily fluids.

AIDS is now a pandemic.^[4] In 2007, an estimated 33.2 million people lived with the disease worldwide, and it killed an estimated 2.1 million people, including 330,000 children.^[5] Over three-quarters of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa,^[5] retarding economic growth and destroying human capital.^[6] Most researchers believe that HIV originated in sub-Saharan Africa during the twentieth century.^[7] AIDS was first recognized by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981 and its cause, HIV, identified by American and French scientists in the early 1980s.^[8]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplant_rejection

Transplant rejection

Transplant rejection occurs when a transplanted organ or tissue fails to be accepted by the body of the transplant recipient. This is explained by the concept that the immune system of the recipient attacks the transplanted organ or tissue. This is expected to happen, because the immune system's purpose is to distinguish foreign material within the body and attempt to destroy it, just as it attempts to destroy infecting organisms such as bacteria and viruses.

Types of rejection

[edit] Hyperacute rejection

Hyperacute rejection is a complement-mediated response in recipients with pre-existing antibodies to the donor (for example, ABO blood type antibodies). Hyperacute rejection occurs within minutes and the transplant must be immediately removed to prevent a severe systemic inflammatory response. Rapid agglutination of the blood occurs. This is a particular risk in kidney transplants, and so a prospective cytotoxic crossmatch is performed prior to kidney transplantation to ensure that antibodies to the donor are not present. For other organs, hyperacute rejection is prevented by transplanting only ABO-compatible grafts. Hyperacute rejection is the likely outcome of xenotransplanted organs.

[edit] Acute rejection

Main article: Histocompatibility

Acute rejection usually begins one week after transplantation (as opposed to hyperacute rejection, which is immediate). The risk of acute rejection is highest in the first three months after transplantation. However, acute rejection can also occur months to years after transplantation. A single episode of acute rejection is not a cause for concern if recognised and treated promptly, and rarely leads to organ failure. But recurrent episodes are associated with chronic rejection (see below).

Acute rejection occurs to some degree in all transplants (except those between identical twins). It is caused by mismatched HLA antigens, which are present on all cells of the body. There are a large number of different alleles of each HLA antigen, so a perfect match between all HLA antigens in the donor tissue and the recipient's body is extremely rare.

Tissues such as the kidney or the liver which are highly vascularized (rich in blood vessels), are often the earliest victims of acute rejection. In fact, episodes of acute rejection occur in around 60-75% of first kidney transplants, and 50 to 60% of liver transplants. Damage to the endothelial lining of blood vessels is an early predictor of irreversible acute transplant rejection.

The reason acute rejection usually begins one week after transplantation is that T-cells are involved in the rejection mechanism. These T-cells must differentiate before rejection begins. The T-cells cause cells in the transplanted tissue to lyse, or produce cytokines that cause necrosis of the transplanted tissue.

The first successful organ transplant, performed in 1954 by Dr. Joseph Murray, was successful because the donor and recipient were identical twins, and therefore no T-cell-mediated responses could be generated against the transplanted organ.

The diagnosis of acute rejection relies on clinical data, including patient signs and symptoms, laboratory testing and ultimately a tissue biopsy. The biopsy is intrepretated by a pathologist who notes changes in the tissue that suggest rejection. Generally the pathologist looks for three main histological features. First, the presence of T-cells infiltrating the transplanted tissue; these may be accompanied by a heterogeneous collection of other cell types including eosinophils, plasma cells and neutrophils. (The proportions of these cell types may be helpful in diagnosing the exact type of rejection.) Secondly, evidence of structural injury to the transplanted tissue; the characteristics of this injury will depend on the type of tissue being transplanted. Lastly, injury to the blood vessels in the transplanted tissue.

[edit] Chronic rejection

The term "chronic rejection" was initially a term used to describe a long-term loss of function in transplanted organs, associated with fibrosis of the internal blood vessels of the transplanted tissue. But this pathology is now termed chronic allograft vasculopathy. The term chronic rejection is reserved for cases of transplant rejection where the rejection is due to a chronic immune response against the transplanted tissue. It can be caused by a member of the Minor Histocompatibility Complex such as the H-Y gene of the male Y chromosome. This usually leads to need for a new organ transplant after a decade or so.

[edit] Rejection mechanisms

Rejection is an adaptive immune response and is mediated through both T cell mediated and humoral immune (antibodies) mechanisms. The number of mismatched alleles determines the speed and magnitude of the rejection response. Different mechanisms tend to act against different grafts.

Organ/tissue	Mechanism
Blood	Antibodies (isohaemagglutinins)
Kidney	Antibodies, CMI
Heart	Antibodies, CMI
Skin	CMI
Bonemarrow	CMI
Cornea	Usually accepted unless vascularised, CMI

CMI=Cell mediated immunity

[edit] Treatment of rejection

Chronic transplant rejection is irreversible and cannot be treated effectively. The only definitive treatment is re-transplantation, if necessary. This would typically be ten years after a transplant, and this may entail returning to a transplant queue.

Acute transplant rejection can be treated using chemotherapeutic drugs designed to suppress the immune system (see list below). Acute rejection is normally treated initially with a short course of high-dose corticosteroids, which is usually sufficient to treat successfully. If this is not enough, the course can be repeated or a triple therapy regimen can be used, consisting of a corticosteroid plus a calcineurin inhibitor and an anti-proliferative agent. Antibodies against specific components of the immune system can be added to this regimen, especially for high-risk patients. mTOR inhibitors can be used in selected patients, where calcineurin inhibitors or steroids are contraindicated. Acute rejection refractory to these treatments may require blood transfusions to remove antibodies against the transplant.

If a bone marrow transplant can be performed, the transplant recipient's immune system can be replaced with the donor's immune system, thus enabling the recipient's body to accept the new organ without risk of rejection. This requires that the bone marrow, which produces the immune cells, be from the same person as the organ donation (or an identical twin or a clone). Bone marrow is not attacked by the body's immune system, and is the only known type of transplant that has this quality. However, there is a risk of graft versus host disease (GVHD) in which the immune cells arising from the bone marrow transplant recognise the host tissues as foreign and attack and destroy them accordingly.

[edit] Immunosuppressive drugs used to treat transplant rejection

Calcineurin inhibitors
- Cyclosporin
- Tacrolimus
mTOR inhibitors
- Sirolimus
- Everolimus
Anti-proliferatives
- Azathioprine
- Mycophenolic acid
Corticosteroids
- Prednisolone
- Hydrocortisone
Antibodies
- Monoclonal anti-IL-2Rα receptor antibodies
  - Basiliximab
  - Daclizumab
- Polyclonal anti-T-cell antibodies
  - Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)
  - Anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG)

The monoclonal anti-T cell antibody OKT3 was formerly used in the prevention of rejection, and is occasionally used in treatment of severe acute rejection, but has fallen out of common use due to the severe cytokine release syndrome and late post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, which are both commonly associated with use of OKT3; in the United Kingdom it is available on a named-patient use basis only.

[edit] Demi-Lee Brennan

Demi-Lee Brennan is an Australian citizen who after a liver transplant has changed blood type and adopted the immune system of her donor. The upshot of this is that her body no longer attempts to reject the transplanted liver ^[1] and she therefore does not need immunosuppresant medication.^[2]

Her case is described as unique in that there were no other recorded instances of this ever happening in the history of human organ transplanting. Scientists are now interested in finding out how this happened in hopes of duplicating the process since this may be a solution to the problem of transplant rejection.^[1]

THE READERS OF THIS BLOG POST MUST HAVE UNDERSTOOD HOW THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM WORKS,WHAT ARE THE DRUGS WHICH ARE USED TO DEPRESS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND WHAT ACTUALLY AIDS IS.

AIDS IS A BIO - PHARMACEUTICAL TOOL OF SEX STARVED MONGRELS AND HEINOUS CRIMINALS AND TERRORISTS WHO MURDER PEOPLE IN THEIR HOMES.

THESE RELATIVES MIGHT JUST BE EGG RELATIVES HAVING IVF RELATION TO EACH OTHER OR WOMEN WHOM MEN WANT TO USE OR THROW OR ARMY AND POLICE PERSONNEL DOING EXTREMELY IMPORTANT WORK FOR THE NATION.

IF A PERSON IS DRUGGED AND ADMINISTERED IMMUNO SUPPRESSANTS ;EVEN A SMALL SCRATCH IN HIS/HER EYE WILL DEVELOP SERIOUS INFECTION,TUBERCULOSIS,COUGH ,FLU ANY DISEASE WILL CATCH THE PERSON EVEN AT AN INFECTED SNEEZE.

OTHERWISE IN A HEALTHY BODY ,WOUNDS HEAL UP IN A DAY.PEOPLE HAVING DIABETES MIGHT TAKE LONG TO HEAL.

THE PHARMACY INDUSTRY HAS BECOME A KILLER INDUSTRY.PEOPLE ARE BEING MURDERED MOST NATURALLY IN THEIR HOMES BY FOLLOWERS OF GUTTER DAYANAND THE TECHNOLOGY HYENA/KILLER TERROR GURU ,IMPREGNATING WOMEN EMBRYOS OF SEX MACHINES .THIS IS THE HOT SEX BODY TERROR SACK OF SIN OF WOMEN LIKE LATIKA RANA AND KALRA AND PEOPLE ARE BEING NATURALLY MURDERED BY THIS TYPE OF PHARMACOLOGICAL AIDS,-GIVING AIDS BY IMMUNO -SUPPRESSANTS.NOW IF SUCH A PERSON DEVELOPS ANY INFECTION ,IT WILL NOT HEAL.

THE ICING TO THE CAKE IS THAT THERE IS HUGE MARKET OF CONTRBAND DRUGS WHICH IF GIVEN TO SUCH A PERSON WILL RESULT IN SURE DEATH.

WHERE DOES THIS LEAVE THE COURTS OF LAW AND THE POLICE NOW?IS OUR LAW EQUIPPED TO PUNISH THIS DAYANAND TERROR -OF GOD DID NOT SAVE YOU?

THE DRUG MAFIA IS TOTALLY MUSLIM FANATICS AND THIS PHARMACY AIDS IS THE VICIOUS REVENGE ON INNOCENT WOMEN WHOSE ORGANS ARE THEN REAPED.THEIR IMMUNITY IS LOWERED AND THEN THEIR ORGANS ARE VERY LOW ON THEIR OWN IMMUNE BALANCE AND EASILY ACCEPTED BY THE SEX STARVED BODIES OF HEINOUS SHEIKHS FROM ARAB COUNTRIES AND KILLERS/DONS GURUS/ POLITICIANS LIKE KALRA/AGNIVESH AND DIGVIJAY SINGH-MEDICAL TOURISM OF INDIA.

THIS ALSO EXPLAINS WHY THE UNEDUCATED MASSES WHO JUST TREAT THEIR DOCTOR AS GODS DO NOT GET CURED AND THE PHARMACISTS WHO HAVE LOWLY EDUCATED ASSISTANTS OR DELIBERATELY SELL UNRELATED DRUGS TO CUSTOMERS WITHOUT PRESCRIPTION.IT IS CRIMINAL TO SELL SUCH HIGH END DRUGS AS IMMUNO- SUPPRESSANTS.

OVER THE COUNTER MEDICATION OF ANTIBIOTICS OR OTHER LIFE SAVING DRUGS IS ALLOWED ,BUT DRUGS RELATED TO CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTIONING AND IMMUNO SUPPRESSANTS ECT IS CRIMINAL .

IS THERE A LAW AGAINST MAKING A PERSON MAD OR FALSELY ADMINISTERING SUCH DRUGS TO A PERSON?

LAW ON CHEAT SURROGACY?

LAW ON PSYCHOPATHS -SADISTS AND MASOCHISTS WHO ARE NOT LIKE THIS NATURALLY BUT DO IT TO REAP CRIMINAL GAINS?

ALL THE ABOVE POINTS IF BEING MISUSED IF SEEN THE OTHER WAY AROUND ALSO SHOW HOW WEAK A CHRONIC BLOOD PRESSURE;DIABETES;CHOLESTEROL INFESTED VYABHACHARI GUTTER SEX OLD PAUNCHED CRIMINAL IS AND HOW FAR MEDICAL SCIENCE WOULD BE ABLE TO HELP HIM ON WHOSE PROMISED BENEFITS HE/SHE HAS TRASHED GOD,LOVED ONES,HUMAN VALUES IN DUST BIN?

Plot summary for
Parwana (1971)

Kumar Sen is an artist of eminence, a talented painter, and a renowned sculptor; and like the majority of his clan, he has a sensitive introvert. But no artist can achieve any degree of brilliance in his work. Miss Asha Varma is the only niece of a retired, jovial old pensioner, Ashok Varma, and she is truly the light of Kumar's life. One stormy night, Kumar tries to hold Ashok Varma to his unsaid promise of giving him asha's hand in marriage. But the interview ends in unpleasantness for both of them, as angrily the old man ordered Kumar never to darken his doorstep again. Soon after Ashok Varma is strangled to death. Asha's beau Rajesh is arrested for Ashok's murder. The whole drama unfolds in court and truth prevails, who really murdered Ashok Varma and whether Rajesh is innocent or guilty.

Regarder le clip

http://www.icj-cij.org/court/index.php?p1=1&p2=2

Members of the Court

The International Court of Justice is composed of 15 judges elected to nine-year terms of office by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. These organs vote simultaneously but separately. In order to be elected, a candidate must receive an absolute majority of the votes in both bodies. This sometimes makes it necessary for a number of rounds of voting to be carried out.

In order to ensure a measure of continuity, one third of the Court is elected every three years. Judges are eligible for re-election. Should a judge die or resign during his or her term of office, a special election is held as soon as possible to choose a judge to fill the unexpired part of the term.

Elections are held in New York (United States of America) on the occasion of the annual autumn session of the General Assembly. The judges elected at a triennial election enter upon their term of office on 6 February of the following year, after which the Court proceeds to elect by secret ballot a President and a Vice-President to hold office for three years.

All States parties to the Statute of the Court have the right to propose candidates. These proposals are made not by the government of the State concerned, but by a group consisting of the members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (see “History”) designated by that State, i.e. by the four jurists who can be called upon to serve as members of an arbitral tribunal under the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. In the case of countries not represented on the Permanent Court of Arbitration, nominations are made by a group constituted in the same way. Each group can propose up to four candidates, not more than two of whom may be of its own nationality, whilst the others may be from any country whatsoever, whether a party to the Statute or not and whether or not it has declared that it accepts the compulsory jurisdiction of the ICJ. The names of candidates must be communicated to the Secretary-General of the United Nations within a time-limit laid down by him/her.

Judges must be elected from among persons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices, or are jurisconsults of recognized competence in international law.

The Court may not include more than one national of the same State. Moreover, the Court as a whole must represent the main forms of civilization and the principal legal systems of the world.

Each Member of the Court receives an annual salary of US$170,080, with a special supplementary allowance of US$15,000 for the President, and, on leaving the Court, they receive annual pensions which, after a nine-year term of office, amount to US$80,000.

http://www.icj-cij.org/court/index.php?p1=1&p2=2&p3=1

http://www.icj-cij.org/court/index.php?p1=1&p2=2&p3=1&judge=10

modi-jujarat22_26

In a terrifying revelation, the government of Gujarat has accepted before the Supreme Court that the state police had killed a Muslim man in a fake encounter in November 2005. The man’s wife is still missing since then.

Current Members

The wit of the week

It is not the job of the judges to become social activists though I salute judicial activism. Judiciary’s primary duty is to protect the rule of law and uphold the Constitution.

— Chief Justice of India Justice K.G. Balakrishnan

www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070121/edit.htm

Bill on judges
Don’t blame Constitution for Parliament’s failure
by J.L. Gupta
TODAY, the courts are the guardian of the peoples’ rights. When Parliament or a state legislature enacts a law that encroaches upon a citizen’s rights, the judges annul it. When the executive errs, they intervene to correct it. When the administrator fails to do his duty, they take hard decisions.

Quickening the pace of justice
by Santokh Singh Sahi
LAYWERS played a significant role in our freedom struggle and securing independence from the foreign yoke. Now they need to get rid of corruption, cruelty and criminalisation in the administration by actively participating in all the three wings of the Constitution - the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.

www.aol.in/.../2007112704039022000006/index.html

Jessica murder: SC rejects

bail plea of Manu Sharma

Press Trust of India

Last Updated: November 27, 2007 04:23:03

Added

I wasn't there when Jessica was killed: Delhi Police chief
Y.S. Dadwal

Conclave to showcase IT capabilities

Anmol Moti-Beautiful Diver Babita Kanyakumari

Added

United India ties up with Dr. Ambedkar Law University

United India Insurance CO LTD the chennai based General Insurance Giant has taken the first step in to the field of knowledge industry.

In collaboration with Dr Ambedkar Law University , United India is offering a one year distance education PG Diploma programme in General Insuance Law and Practices.

The Course is open for graduates & above including Housewives and retired personnel e.t.c ., desirous of joining the insurance industry...

Added

Social Sector Policies

Janata Personal Accident Policy

Bhagyashree Policy

Raja Rajeshwari Policy

Mother Teresa Women & Children Policy

Jan Arogya Bima Policy